这是我们在2017年为美国佛罗里达州南佛罗里达大学的学生创作的一篇医学类essay，以The Solution to the YO Programme in Hartford: Rebuilding Authority and Trust through Policy Making and Implementation为题，全文900字，开篇introduction先介绍文章研究主体的一个大概情况，让读者了解case的主题。
In the case, Hartford is a low-income area that suffers from a poor education and a strong mismatch between skills required in jobs and of local workers. Meanwhile, the Department of Labour has launched the Youth Opportunity programme, which aims to provide resources for an all-around development of youth in poor areas. With a strong desire to gain the grant, Hartford sets up an organisation made up of representatives from multi-agencies. Principles for setting up the organisational structure are established, but are soon broken due to conflicts of different interests. Distrust thus gets spread among counterparts involved in the business. This leads to a low spirit and motivation in the organisation, which ultimately causes chaos. The case vividly illustrates how poor policy making and implementation delivery could result in ineffectiveness and inefficiency in public governance. This paper will firstly assess the management challenge facing the YO programme in Hartford and then make tactic recommendations to tackle these issues.
之后阐述文章要分析和解决的问题是什么，并且通过各种观点来分析问题并且得出结论，结论需要有相关的知识点作为支撑，所以需要大量的reference，在这方面需要花费大量的时间，并且要求作者要有很好的吸收消化能力，才能分解这些内容。
The primary issue is the ambiguous structural leadership role within the organisation. This problem has in fact come to being dating back to the early process of application for the grant when parties involved are setting up the Governance Structure. At that time, the PROGRESS was supposed to be the operator of the programme, while CRWDB was responsible for applying for the grant and overseeing the operation afterwards. However, after compromise, the Executive Leadership Team took the leadership role in the end, although the trust level within the team was undesirable. Although they had come to an agreement with MOU, the team was not playing the role of Bridges, as Hoffman (2009) points out, channelling between a specific set of concerns within the organisation and the rest of the network. Each member only spoke out for his own interests while neglecting the remaining parties.
One of the example of this structural problem happened on the day when Hartford was granted the money, but CRWDB took a large amount of money to cover its own overhead cost without reaching out to the other members in the ELT team. This was an obvious neglect of the principles and authority, yet no one took the leadership role to stop such infringement. Collaboration within the organisation was lost in the end. The same structural problem was also reflected in the process of procurement, when both PROGRESS and CRWDB said they were the decision-maker for choosing the training service provider. An immediate result was that the public did not trust the organisation, and sense of authority was lost. The operational stage witnessed the same issue as well. There was a time when the operational team wanted to take the executive role of the programme, which was supposed to be owned by the programme director. Even after Brown was appointed as the programme director and PROGRESS as the programme operator, they had no right in deciding a new location for the programme centre, even when the Southern centre was facing serious problem in fundraising and a lack of facilities.
最后再给出recommendation也就是conclusion，告诉读者所得出的结论是什么，在这个部分我们选择用逻辑性比较强的递进方式来展示，具体分享如下。
Firstly, reassuring parties involved of their respective roles as listed in the Memorandum of Understanding. In particular, to ensure Brown of her leadership role in the daily affairs, PROGRESS of operational subcontractor, i.e. managing service delivery, UWCA of the role as evaluating the performance through setting up a community advisory board with members from all parties involved in targeted areas of the programme including local service provider and the public.
Secondly, redesigning the training programme and choosing the proper provider. The goal is to cover leadership development, citizenship, community service and recreation activities, whereas the current one only focused on basic life skills. By designing a programme that targets the young and hires the right tutors to conduct these activities, there would be more student engagement and enrolment is thus expected to rise.
Thirdly, providing holistic training for the internal staff to both official and unofficial YO workers. The purpose is to making them well understood of the programme and their respective roles. In addition, hire more dedicated staff to recruit potential students so that development specialists could be devoted to trainings. By levelling up the whole team to a higher professional level, the working staff would feel more confident and motivated in their daily work.
Finally, investing in infrastructure establishment. Speeding up the construction for the south centre, and purchase enough facilities at both centres and satellites.