Critical Evaluation，就是批評性評價，是國外大學一種常見的作業形式。Critical Evaluation對於中國留學生而言，難度非常大，因為中國留學生大多都沒有接受過評判性思維的練習，所以根本就不會寫Critical Evaluation。為此，下面就給大家講解一下Critical Evaluation的寫作。
A critical evaluation may refer to a written essay or simply a specific mode of thinking. The main feature in either case is critical analysis, which relies on questioning beliefs or assertions. In other words, a critical evaluation tests
the validity of a claim. Factors such as objectivity and reliability are thus important. When this questioning occurs in a structured written format, a critical evaluation essay results.
批評性評價可以指書面文章或簡單的特定思維方式。在這兩種情況下的主要特徵是批判性分析，依賴於質疑的信念或斷言。換句話說，一個關鍵的評估測試索賠的有效性。因此客觀性和可靠性等因素是重要的。當這種提問以結構化的書面形式出現時，一篇重要的評價文章就會產生。
Certain traits favor a critical evaluation. For one, an individual should be a keen observer and listener, as gathering a full spectrum of information about a subject is crucial for critical evaluations. The individual should also ideally be objective, since a willingness to consider all viewpoints better equips an evaluator with the ability to evaluate those viewpoints. Perhaps most importantly, the evaluator should be flexible in his or her thinking, because studying and challenging a notion often requires revising the individual’s own beliefs and incorporating ever-changing new information.
某些特徵有利於關鍵的評價。一方面，個人應該是敏銳的觀察者和聽眾，因為收集關於主題的全譜信息對於關鍵的評價至關重要。個人也應該是客觀的，因為願意考慮所有觀點更好地使評估者具備評估這些觀點的能力。也許最重要的是，評價者應該在他或她的思維中靈活，因為學習和挑戰一個概念通常需要修正個人的信念，並不斷地改變新的信息。
Some crucial concepts inform the critical evaluation. These include the following: the clarity of an argument, its impartiality, its relevance, and its comprehensiveness. In scientific research, the validity and reliability of theories must further be met. Higher-order thinking that involves forming connections between abstract ideas and concrete applications is also a cornerstone of critical evaluations.
一些重要的概念告訴關鍵評價。這些內容包括：論證的清晰性、公正性、關聯性及其全面性。在科學研究中，理論的有效性和可靠性必須進一步得到滿足。高階思維包括抽象概念和具體應用之間的聯繫，也是批判性評價的基石。
Challenges of a critical nature can manifest on a number of levels. For one, the evaluator must assess his or her goals in the evaluation and any possible biases that exist. The validity of the evidence used to arrive at a conclusion must also be examined, as should the sources — especially if those sources are other people — of that evidence. Finally, each possible conclusion should be evaluated with equal weight, as should any rebuttals to each conclusion.
關鍵性的挑戰可以在多個層面上表現出來。首先，評估者必須評估他或她的評估目標和可能存在的偏見。還必須審查用於得出結論的證據的有效性，特別是如果那些來源是其他人的證據來源。最後，每一個可能的結論都應該用同樣的權重來評估，就像對每個結論的反駁一樣。
Critical evaluations are abundant in everyday life. Courtroom juries often critically evaluate evidence in order to arrive at a verdict. Politicians claim to use critical evaluation in order to establish the right guidelines for a region’s
citizens. Scholars and historians debate and gain insight into the past through critical analysis. Nearly every decision ever made has derived from critical evaluation. These decisions may be large-scale such as the decision to enter a
war or to accept a job offer, or they can be mundane activities like choosing a sandwich or pizza topping.
批判的評價在日常生活中是豐富的。法庭陪審團經常批判性地評估證據，以便作出裁決。政客們聲稱使用關鍵的評估來為一個地區的公民建立正確的指導方針。學者和歷史學家通過批判性分析來辯論和獲得對過去的洞察力。幾乎每一個決定都是從批判的評價中得出的。這些決定可能是大規模的，例如決定參加戰爭或接受工作機會，或者他們可以是平凡的活動，比如選擇三明治或比薩餅。
Writing a critical evaluation typically involves tackling a specific topic and questioning a commonly held assumption. For example, a typical paper might challenge the need for homework in schools. The outline of such a paper would usually include a background of the assertion and its reason for being. An evaluation might then take each point made in favor of homework and challenge its worth. In the conclusion, the essay writer might either back the
supposition or reject it.
寫一個關鍵的評價通常涉及解決一個特定的主題和質疑一個普遍持有的假設。例如，一份典型的論文可能會挑戰學校對作業的需求。這篇論文的梗概通常包括斷言的背景及其原因。然後，評價可能會使每一點都有利於作業，並挑戰其價值。在結論中，論文作者既可以背棄假設，也可以拒絕它。
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