這是我們在2017年為英國Swansea University的學妹創作的一篇環境類essay的範文,首先在開頭部分通過introduction的方式介紹文章的背景,提出根據美國國家海洋與大氣管理局的統計,氣候變化被定義為天氣統計的長期變化。同時指出造成氣候變化的原因可以分為兩個方面,分別是自然方面和人文方面。
Climate change is defined, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the US (2007), as a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather. It could be presented, for instance, as a change in normal climate level at a given place and time of year. The main evidence of climate change includes rising sea levels, melting glaciers and increasing extreme weather. What causes climate change can be divided into natural aspects and human aspects. The former refers to volcanic eruptions, biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, while the latter includes burning fossil fuels, damaging forests and other human activities.
然後通過body部分的分析來擴展討論的範圍,指出統計學顯示出的結論——氣候變化速度非常快。同時指出在過去的20世紀,全球海平面上升近8英寸。但是,在過去的二十年里,這個比率幾乎是上個世紀的兩倍。
There is statistical evidence that clearly shows the rapid climate change. In the past 20th century, sea level around the globe increased close to 8 inches. However, the rate rose to almost double that of the last century over the past twenty years. (Church & White, 2006). In Antarctic and Greenland, the ice sheets have shrunk in mass. Data from the NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show that, Antarctica had an ice decease of some 152 cubic kilometers between 2002 and 2005, while Greenland had an yearly decrease of 150 to 250 cubic kilometers from 2002 to 2006. In terms of temperature, since the late 19th century, surface temperature of the earth has gone up some 2.0 degrees Fahrenheit, which is resulted in large part from increasing human-made emissions, including carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. The year of 2016 was the warmest year in historical records, and eight in twelve of its months were also the warmest on record for those respective months (NASA, 2017).
最後的conclusion部分再次申明自己的觀點,指出面對氣候變化的全球性挑戰,生物多樣性會逐漸減少,這會給農業生產帶來損失,也會對沿海城市和國家的發展產生威脅,針對這樣的情況,中國和美國這兩個典型國家分別採取了不同的政策。
In conclusion, in face of the global challenge of climate change, which can cause the reduction of biological diversity, damages to agricultural production and threats to coastal cities and countries, the typical countries of China and the US has taken different policies. China, as a developing country, used to seek rapid development while polluting its environment, on which its long-term development is based. Therefore, it now pursues a low-carbon economy and actively takes part in global efforts. In addition, it of importance for China to gain more leading place and force itself to improve its renewable energy sectors by doing so.