很多留學生對英文論文寫作都有一種恐懼感,有的時候甚至連開頭都不知道怎麼寫。其實開頭是英文論文寫作的第一個難點,開頭單刀直入和花式開頭都不是最正確的方法。下面就給大家分享一下英文論文“漏斗式”開頭段的寫作技巧,同學們可以嘗試一下。
A good introductory paragraph does several things:
It makes the reader want to read the essay—激發讀者興趣
It tells the reader the overall topic of the essay—概述話題
It tells the reader the main idea (thesis) of the essay—闡明主旨
所以,通常一個合格的開頭段必須能清晰地體現如上三個層次,進而能在第一時間讓讀者抓住題目的核心話題點,並勾起其繼續閱讀的興趣。
Q:什麼是“漏斗式”寫法?
“漏斗式”寫法是指開頭段的寫作按照從大範圍到小範圍、從概括到具體的“漏斗型”模式展開。
Q:具體怎麼展開?
“漏斗式”開頭段一共需要寫3句話:
1. 話題背景句:開頭提供概括性背景信息引入話題
2. 改寫題目句:過渡到具體話題,對原題加轉述改寫
3. 我的立場句:最後闡明自己的立場
舉個例子:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Score
5範文:
In a lifetime, we are bound to meet many people, we get on well with some of them and they become our friends.(引入話題:Friends)As we grow up we meet new people and make new friends but it does not imply that they will replace our old ones.(轉述題目,new friends or old friends)That is why I disagree with people who think that keeping old friends is more important than making new friends.(表明立場,disagree)
Q:每句話的具體寫法和注意點是什麼?
我們再來用一個題目來分析“漏斗式”開頭段落的具體操作步驟:
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: University students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study.
Step 1:引入話題(introduce the topic)
①審題並找到題目的題材關鍵詞,如Education,friendship,environment problems等;
②可以進一步探討該關鍵詞的常見相關定義、具體分類類別來介紹話題、題材的概念;
③或通過描述與該題材關鍵詞相關的一些社會現狀、現象、問題、趨勢等內容來引入話題。
如教育類話題下,我們通常會提及社會競爭激烈,increasingly fierce competition in the contemporary society;科技進步發展對人才的需求,increasing demand for intelligent individuals who can contribute to the development of modern technologies等來後續引入到人們對教育越來越重視,從而帶出具體的教育類話題,如課程設置,教學方法/理念等具體題目話題。
例如本題Topic Keywords: University Education, Course selection,我們可以寫成:
In general, all university courses can be divided into two kinds: liberal arts and science, which both serve as an impetus to the development of society.
Step 2:改寫原題(paraphrase the topic)
注意點:準確貼合題意,使用豐富恰當的詞彙及表達方式,對原題中的具體信息,觀點等內容進行同義改寫,讓讀者清楚的知道本題論述的爭議點是什麼。
【Sample】Lately, an interesting discussion has arisen about whether all university students should be required to take basic science courses even if they are not related to their major.
Step 3:表明立場(my statement)
注意點:直截了當的表明傾向性立場。注意對“我認為”的表達,盡量避免使用“I think”、“I believe”等比較俗套的短語,可以使用比如“From my own perspective”,
“I am inclined to”,
“I am prone to”等表達方式。
【Sample】From my perspective, I am a big fan of science and I fully advocate that basic science courses are a necessity for every university student. My reasons and examples are as follows.
總結
要用好該方法,必須注意兩點:
第一,開始的背景信息不能過於寬泛籠統,須抓準話題的題材關鍵詞;
第二,討論文本的具體話題時要緊貼題目的要求,準確進行同義改寫。
以上就是英文論文“漏斗式”開頭寫法,當然,“漏斗式寫法”並不是獨立寫作開頭段的唯一方法,我們通常還可以使用提問、駁斥、敘事、名人名言作引語等其他途徑來達到引入話題的效果。
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